![]() This shows us that the hip abduction range of motion requires contributions from eleven hip muscles. Synergists are the psoas, piriformis, tensor fascia latae (TFL), quadratus lumborum, and rectus femoris muscles.Īs the above-mentioned muscles contract, hip abduction antagonists relax. They increase the level of force but also work to stabilize the joint during hip abduction. Other muscles help this motion as synergists. When the leg is lifted away from the midline the gluteus medius fibers contract. This muscle lies partially under the larger gluteus maximus of the buttock. The most important agonist of hip abduction is the gluteus medius muscle pictured below. An agonist usually contracts while the opposing antagonist relaxes. Hip abduction muscles both contract and relax to allow for this movement these are agonist and antagonist muscles respectively. ![]() Without muscles, there is no control of hip motion. The entire joint is supported by strong ligaments that help to keep the hip joint stable during movement. The lunate surface refers to a crescent moon-shaped indentation. This covers the head of the femur and the lunate surface of the acetabulum. The acetabulofemoral joint is protected by a layer of smooth articular cartilage. This neck is the weakest part of the femur bone and is the most common area of damage. The femur neck exits the inner surface of the greater trochanter and supports the rounded femur head. The greater trochanter is an attachment point for various hip muscles. To the outside of the hip is the greater trochanter that you can feel through the skin to the side of the thigh. The top of the femur has three important structures. The acetabulum is surrounded by a ridge that stops the ball of the femur head from slipping out of place. This is a concave dent in the pelvis constructed from the ischium, ilium, and pubis bones. Where the rounded head of the femur fits into the pelvis is called the acetabulum. As the hips support the weight of the upper body and bear shocks that run upward from the lower body, this is an extremely stable joint. These muscles not only allow movement but stabilize the hip. Circumduction: swinging one leg in a circular motionĪll of these movements are possible thanks to the ball and socket structure of the hip joint and a large number of contributing muscles.Internal rotation: rotating the leg inward, as with knock-knees. ![]() External rotation: rotating the leg outward, such as when sitting on a horse.Adduction: bringing the leg back to the midline from an abducted position.Abduction: bringing the leg out to the side, such as when doing the splits.Extension: bringing the leg back, as when walking (the trailing leg).Flexion: bringing the leg forward, such as when walking and climbing stairs.From the hip we can carry out the following types of movement: As a multiaxial joint, the acetabulofemoral joint has a broad range of motion abduction is just one of these. It is the meeting point of two bones – the pelvis and the head of the femur. Instead of persecuting them, the Zimbabwean authorities should focus their efforts on holding those suspected to be responsible for their horrifying abduction, torture and sexual assault to account.The hip joint is a paired ball and socket joint that connects the pelvis to the legs. These women are victims of an escalating crackdown on the right to freedom of expression and criminalization of dissent. How could they possibly not have known about the fate that had befallen a British citizen? the prime responsibility of all governments is to keep their own citizens safe from harm and governments are not meant to collaborate on the illegal abduction and then the torture of one of their own citizens. The Nigerian authorities must investigate the inexcusable security lapses that allowed this abduction to take place without any tangible attempt to prevent it, as an even greater priority, the government must use all lawful means at its disposal to ensure that these girls are rescued. The abduction of a prominent Thai political activist on the streets of Phnom Penh demands an immediate response from Cambodian authorities. ![]() Nearly every surviving detainee has emerged from custody having suffered unimaginable abuses, for ordinary Syrians, the specter of arrest or abduction, and the near-inevitable horrors that follow, have paralyzed communities across the country. ![]()
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